1/4/2024 0 Comments Transient amnesia![]() Conversely, diabetes mellitus was associated with a significantly reduced occurrence of TGA. A retrospective case–control study comparing 293 TGA patients to 632 patients with TIA and 293 age- and sex-matched HC showed a significantly higher prevalence of hyperlipidemia and ischemic heart disease in TGA patients when compared to TIA patients or HC. ![]() In a more recent systematic review and meta-analysis, it was confirmed that there is a higher relative risk (RR) of TGA for migraine vs. In a recent analysis of the data obtained from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, which represents 20% of the US community hospitals for the years 1999–2008, patients with a diagnosis of migraines had 5.98 times greater odds of having TGA compared with patients without migraines. Noteworthy, in the same study, the subjects with a history of migraines had a significantly younger age of TGA onset (56.6 years) compared to the control group (61.4 years), suggesting that migraines could lead to an earlier age of disease onset. In 2014 a large nationwide, population-based cohort study, enrolling 158.301 migraine patients and 158.301 healthy controls (HC), demonstrated that migraines are associated with an increased risk of TGA (incidence rate ratio =2.48, p = 0.002), particularly in female patients aged 40–60 years. For this purpose, we summarize current knowledge about the clinical presentation, diagnostic pathways, differential diagnosis, and the expected long-term outcome of TGA. In this review, we aim to provide a practical approach to early recognition of this condition in daily practice, highlighting both the lights and the shadows of the diagnostic criteria. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) studies performed 24–96 h after symptom onset can help to confirm the diagnosis by identifying lesions in the CA1 field of the hippocampal cornu ammonis, but their practical utility in changing the management of patients is a matter of discussion. Diagnosis can be challenging because the identification of TGA requires the exclusion of some acute amnestic syndromes that occur in emergency situations and share structural or functional alterations of memory circuits. Usually, the attacks are preceded by a precipitating event, last up to 24 h and are not associated with other neurological deficits. Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a clinical syndrome characterized by the sudden onset of a temporary memory disorder with profound anterograde amnesia and a variable impairment of the past memory.
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